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Ductility Measured as Percent Elongation |
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Metals
| Material |
Ductility expressed as percent elongation, % |
| Aluminum, annealed |
40 |
| Aluminum, cold worked |
8 |
| Aluminum alloys, annealeda |
20 |
| Aluminum alloys, heat treateda |
8 |
| Aluminum alloys, casta |
4 |
| Cast iron, graya |
0.6 |
| Copper, annealed |
45 |
| Copper, cold worked |
10 |
| Copper alloy: brass, annealed |
60 |
| Magnesium alloysa |
10 |
| Nickel, annealed |
45 |
| Steel, low Ca |
30 |
| Steel, high Ca |
10 |
| Steel, alloya |
20 |
| Steel, stainless, austenitica |
55 |
| Titanium, nearly pure |
20 |
| Zinc alloya |
10 |
aValues given are typical. For alloys, there is a range of ductility that depends on composition and treatment (heat treatment or work hardening).
Ceramics
| Material |
Ductility expressed as percent elongation, % |
| Ceramics |
0b |
bCeramics materials are brittle; they withstand elastic strain but virtually no plastic strain.
Polymers
| Material |
Ductility expressed as percent elongation, % |
| Thermoplastic polymers |
100 |
| Thermosetting polymers |
1 |
| Elastomers (e.g. rubber) |
1c |
cElastometers endure significant elastic strain, but their plastic strain is very limited, only around 1% being typical.
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